6. the coriolis force is zero and produces no deflection at the
a. 30-degree latitude.
b. equator.
c. poles.
d. prime meridian.
e. jet stream.
7. secondary pollutants.
a. are generally less harmful to human health than primary pollutants.
b. typically come from non-point sources, whereas primary pollutants come mainly from point sources.
c. are those which are identified as being of “greatest concern” in the canadian environmental protection act (cepa).
d. are formed by reactions between primary pollutants, or between primary pollutants and constituents of the atmosphere.
e. all of the above answers are correct.
8. ambient (outdoor) air pollution has decreased in recent decades in north america, as a result of
a. government policies limiting air pollution.
b. switching from leaded to unleaded gasoline.
c. technologies such as scrubbers, which have helped to limit industrial emissions.
d. the development of cleaner-burning vehicle engines and catalytic converters.
e. all of the above answers are correct.
9. where does primary productivity occur outside of the photic zone?
a. the benthic zone
b. the continental shelf
c. around hydrothermal vents
d. the abyssal plains
e. no primary productivity occurs outside of the photic zone.
10. why do corals “bleach” and lose their pinkish colour in response to stressful conditions?
a. cyanide and blast fishing causes damage to reefs.
b. acidification of oceans removes carbonate ions.
c. stress causes loss of symbiotic algae that live in coral polyps.
d. changes in ocean salinity affect coral polyp metabolism.
e. changes in water temperatures and light levels cause bleaching.
11. which one of the following best describes what an upwelling is?
a. a vertical flow of warm, deep water toward the surface.
b. a vertical flow of cold, deep water toward the surface.
c. a vertical flow of cold, shallow water toward the bottom.
d. a vertical flow of warm, deep water toward the bottom.
e. any of these can describe what an upwelling is, depending on the circumstances.
12. in the equation p = r + et + δs, the term δs denotes change in
a. surface runoff.
b. saturation.
c. saturated zone.
d. solar energy.
e. storage.
13. which one of the following atmospheric components is the most variable in its concentration?
a. oxygen
b. water vapour
c. nitrogen
