What is motivation and what role do cognition (thinking) and emotions (feeling) play in the motivation of behavior?

What is motivation and what role do cognition (thinking) and emotions (feeling) play in the motivation of behavior? How have the early views of philosophers shaped the study of motivation, and how do psychologists conduct modern empirical research in motivation today?

ONLY CITE FROM THE BOOK: “Motivation: Biological, psychological, and environmental”(4th ed.). Taylor & Francis. ** Chapters 1 and 2.**